11.1. Equivariance properties of the Coleman map
Iwasawa's theorem is a statement about \Lam(\GGam^+)-modules, so it is essential
to work over the full Iwasawa algebra rather than just \Zp. Since
\Lam(\GGam) is the completed group ring of \GGam over \Zp, giving
\sU_\infty a \Lam(\GGam)-module structure amounts to equipping it with
compatible actions of \Zp and of \GGam. The Galois group acts naturally; the
obstruction is the \Zp-action, since the integer power map u\mapsto u^a does
not extend continuously from \Z to \Zp on all of \sU_\infty.
The Coleman map restricts to a \Zp-equivariant map
\Col : \sU_{\infty,1} \longrightarrow \Lam(\Zpx),
where a\in\Zp acts on u\in\sU_{\infty,1} by the convergent binomial series
u^a := \sum_{k\ge 0}\binom{a}{k}(u-1)^k.
It suffices to check \Zp-equivariance of each map in the composition defining
\Col, depending on Definition 9.5.1. The point is that the binomial
series converges precisely on \sU_{\infty,1}. Writing f_u=\sum_{k\ge 0}a_k(u)T^k
for the Coleman power series of u, one checks a_0(u)\equiv 1 \pmod{p}: indeed
f_u(\pi_n)=u_n\equiv 1 \pmod{\pri_n} and, \pi_n being a uniformiser, this
forces a_0(u)\equiv 1 \pmod{\pri_n}; as a_0(u)\in\Zp we get the congruence.
Hence f_u-1\in(p,T), and by (p,T)-adic completeness of \Zp[[T]] the series
f_u^a=\sum_{j\ge 0}\binom{a}{j}(f_u-1)^j converges. Since
f_u(\pi_n)^a=u_n^a, the uniqueness of Coleman power series Theorem 9.2.2
gives f_u^a=f_{u^a}, so u\mapsto f_u is \Zp-equivariant. The logarithmic
derivative satisfies \dlog(f_u^a)=a\,\dlog(f_u), hence is equivariant for the
natural \Zp-action on \Zp[[T]]; and 1-\varphi\circ\psi, \partial^{-1} and
\sA^{-1} are \Zp-linear by definition. Composing, \Col is \Zp-equivariant
on \sU_{\infty,1}.
- No associated Lean code or declarations.
There is a direct product decomposition \sU_\infty = \mu_{p-1}\times\sU_{\infty,1}.
At each finite level n, since p is totally ramified in K_n there is a
unique prime \pri_n above p, and reduction modulo \pri_n gives a short
exact sequence 1\to\sU_{n,1}\to\sU_n\to\mu_{p-1}\to 1. The Teichmüller lift
splits it, so \sU_n=\mu_{p-1}\times\sU_{n,1}. Passing to the inverse limit over
n gives the claim.
The subgroup \mu_{p-1}\subset\sU_\infty is killed by the Coleman map. In
particular no information is lost in restricting \Col to \sU_{\infty,1}.
Lean code for Lemma11.1.3●1 theorem
Associated Lean declarations
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theoremdefined in PadicLFunctions/IwasawaProof/Equivariance.leancomplete
theorem PadicLFunctions.Coleman.Col_eq_zero_of_torsion (p : ℕ) [hp : Fact (Nat.Prime p)] (u : PadicLFunctions.Coleman.NormCompatUnits p) (htor : ∀ (n : ℕ), u.elems n ^ (p - 1) = 1) : PadicLFunctions.Coleman.Col p u = 0
theorem PadicLFunctions.Coleman.Col_eq_zero_of_torsion (p : ℕ) [hp : Fact (Nat.Prime p)] (u : PadicLFunctions.Coleman.NormCompatUnits p) (htor : ∀ (n : ℕ), u.elems n ^ (p - 1) = 1) : PadicLFunctions.Coleman.Col p u = 0
**RJW §12.1 Lemma (TeX 3170–3178)**: `μ_{p−1} ⊂ 𝒰_∞` is killed by `Col` (constant Coleman series are killed by `∂log`). Stated for a `(p−1)`-torsion tower. Proof (homomorphism route, TeX 3174–3178): elementwise `(p−1)`-torsion gives `u^{p−1} = 1` in `𝒰_∞`, so `(f_u)^{p−1} = f_{u^{p−1}} = f_1 = 1` (`colemanSeries_pow`, `colemanSeries_one`). Hence `(p−1)·∂log f_u = ∂log((f_u)^{p−1}) = ∂log 1 = 0` (`dlog_pow`, `dlog_one`); as `p − 1 ≠ 0` and `ℤ_p⟦T⟧` is torsion-free, `∂log f_u = 0`. The Coleman map is `∂log f_u ↦ 𝒜⁻¹ ↦ Res ↦ x⁻¹·`, all linear, so `Col u = 0` (`map_zero`/`LinearMap.zero_comp`).
A root of unity v\in\mu_{p-1}\subset\Zpx, viewed as the constant tower
(v)_n, has constant Coleman power series f_v(T)=v. Constant series are killed
by the logarithmic derivative \dlog, which differentiates. Hence v maps to
0 under \Col. Using Lemma 11.1.2, this shows the
restriction to \sU_{\infty,1} loses nothing.
The kernel of \dlog on \Zp[[T]]^\times consists of the constant series.
Consequently the kernel of \dlog restricted to
\WW=(\Zp[[T]]^\times)^{\cN=\mathrm{id}} is exactly \mu_{p-1}.
Lean code for Lemma11.1.4●1 theorem
Associated Lean declarations
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theoremdefined in PadicLFunctions/IwasawaProof/LogDerivative.leancomplete
theorem PadicLFunctions.Coleman.dlog_eq_zero_normOp_fixed (p : ℕ) [hp : Fact (Nat.Prime p)] {g : PowerSeries ℤ_[p]} (hg : IsUnit g) (hN : PadicLFunctions.Coleman.normOp g = g) (hd : PadicLFunctions.Coleman.dlog p g = 0) : ∃ c, c ^ p = c ∧ g = PowerSeries.C c
theorem PadicLFunctions.Coleman.dlog_eq_zero_normOp_fixed (p : ℕ) [hp : Fact (Nat.Prime p)] {g : PowerSeries ℤ_[p]} (hg : IsUnit g) (hN : PadicLFunctions.Coleman.normOp g = g) (hd : PadicLFunctions.Coleman.dlog p g = 0) : ∃ c, c ^ p = c ∧ g = PowerSeries.C c
The kernel of `Δ = ∂log` on `𝒩`-fixed units is `μ_{p−1}` (RJW rem:ker Δ, TeX 3176–3178): a constant `𝒩`-fixed unit `f` satisfies `f^p = f`. Stated as: `dlog g = 0` and `𝒩 g = g` ⟹ `g` is a `(p−1)`-th root of unity (constant).
Since \dlog f=(1+T)f'/f, we have \dlog f=0 iff f'=0 iff f is a constant
c. For a constant, the defining relation of the norm operator,
\varphi(\cN f)=\prod_{\eta\in\mu_p}f((1+T)\eta-1), reads \varphi(\cN c)=c^p;
as \varphi is the identity on constants this gives \cN(c)=c^p. Hence
\cN-invariance forces c^p=c, and since c is a unit this means
c\in\mu_{p-1}. Conversely every c\in\mu_{p-1} is a constant, lies in \WW,
and is killed by \dlog. Therefore \ker(\dlog|_\WW)=\mu_{p-1}.
The Galois group \GGam=\Gal(F_\infty/\Q)\cong\Gal(K_\infty/\Qp) acts on
\sU_\infty. For a\in\Zpx we write \sigma_a\in\GGam for the element with
\chi(\sigma_a)=a.
The Coleman map \Col : \sU_\infty \to \Lam(\GGam) is \GGam-equivariant: for all
a\in\Zpx and u\in\sU_\infty, \Col(\sigma_a u) = \sigma_a\,\Col(u).
Lean code for Proposition11.1.5●1 theorem
Associated Lean declarations
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PadicLFunctions.Coleman.Col_galNCU[complete]
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PadicLFunctions.Coleman.Col_galNCU[complete]
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theoremdefined in PadicLFunctions/IwasawaProof/GaloisAction.leancomplete
theorem PadicLFunctions.Coleman.Col_galNCU (p : ℕ) [hp : Fact (Nat.Prime p)] (a : ℤ_[p]ˣ) (u : PadicLFunctions.Coleman.NormCompatUnits p) : PadicLFunctions.Coleman.Col p (PadicLFunctions.Coleman.galNCU p a u) = (PadicMeasure.pushforward p (PadicLFunctions.Coleman.unitsMulLeftCM p a)) (PadicLFunctions.Coleman.Col p u)
theorem PadicLFunctions.Coleman.Col_galNCU (p : ℕ) [hp : Fact (Nat.Prime p)] (a : ℤ_[p]ˣ) (u : PadicLFunctions.Coleman.NormCompatUnits p) : PadicLFunctions.Coleman.Col p (PadicLFunctions.Coleman.galNCU p a u) = (PadicMeasure.pushforward p (PadicLFunctions.Coleman.unitsMulLeftCM p a)) (PadicLFunctions.Coleman.Col p u)
**RJW §12.1 Proposition (TeX 3193–3236)**: the Coleman map is `𝒢`-equivariant. Here `σ_a` acts on `Λ(ℤ_[p]ˣ)` by the pushforward along multiplication by `a`. Statement note (T1201): the RHS is finalised to the genuine `σ_a` pushforward `PadicMeasure.pushforward p (unitsMulLeftCM a)` (the skeleton carried the placeholder `unitsCmul p 1`); this is the authorised statement-fix (RJW TeX 3217–3234: `∂log(σ_a f) = a·σ_a ∂log f`, `∂⁻¹∘σ_a = a⁻¹σ_a∘∂⁻¹`, restriction equivariant, so the measure-side action is pushforward along `v ↦ a·v`).
One checks equivariance map-by-map, using that \sigma_a acts on a power series
by f(T)\mapsto f((1+T)^a-1). For u\mapsto f_u: evaluating
(\sigma_a f_u)(\pi_n)=f_u((1+\pi_n)^a-1)=f_u(\xi_{p^n}^a-1)=\sigma_a(u_n), so it is
equivariant. The logarithmic derivative satisfies the twisted relation
\dlog(\sigma_a f)=a\,\sigma_a(\dlog f). On measures, restriction to \Zpx
commutes with \sigma_a since multiplying the variable by a\in\Zpx stabilises
both \Zpx and p\Zp. The operator \partial^{-1} obeys
\partial^{-1}\circ\sigma_a=a^{-1}\sigma_a\circ\partial^{-1}, checked on measures
via \int_{\Zpx} f\,\partial^{-1}\sigma_a\mu=\int_{\Zpx}\tfrac{f(ax)}{ax}\mu.
Finally \sA^{-1} is equivariant by definition. The factor a from \dlog
cancels the factor a^{-1} from \partial^{-1}, leaving \Col equivariant.
This depends on Definition 9.5.1.
Since the \GGam-action fixes 1\in\mu_{p-1} it stabilises \sU_{\infty,1}, and
this action commutes with the \Zp-action there. Hence \sU_{\infty,1} is a
\Lam(\GGam)-module, and we may summarise the section as follows.
The Coleman map restricts to a homomorphism of \Lam(\GGam)-modules
\Col : \sU_{\infty,1} \longrightarrow \Lam(\GGam).
Lean code for Corollary11.1.6●1 theorem
Associated Lean declarations
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theoremdefined in PadicLFunctions/IwasawaProof/Equivariance.leancomplete
theorem PadicLFunctions.Coleman.Col_lambdaG_equivariant (p : ℕ) [hp : Fact (Nat.Prime p)] (a : ℤ_[p]ˣ) (u : PadicLFunctions.Coleman.NormCompatUnits p) (_hu : u ∈ PadicLFunctions.Coleman.unitsTower1 p) : PadicLFunctions.Coleman.Col p (PadicLFunctions.Coleman.galNCU p a u) = (PadicMeasure.pushforward p (PadicLFunctions.Coleman.unitsMulLeftCM p a)) (PadicLFunctions.Coleman.Col p u)
theorem PadicLFunctions.Coleman.Col_lambdaG_equivariant (p : ℕ) [hp : Fact (Nat.Prime p)] (a : ℤ_[p]ˣ) (u : PadicLFunctions.Coleman.NormCompatUnits p) (_hu : u ∈ PadicLFunctions.Coleman.unitsTower1 p) : PadicLFunctions.Coleman.Col p (PadicLFunctions.Coleman.galNCU p a u) = (PadicMeasure.pushforward p (PadicLFunctions.Coleman.unitsMulLeftCM p a)) (PadicLFunctions.Coleman.Col p u)
**RJW cor:G-eq (TeX 3241–3243)**: `Col` restricts to a map `𝒰_{∞,1} → Λ(𝒢)` of `Λ(𝒢)`-modules (the `ℤ_p`- and `𝒢`-actions commute and assemble to `Λ(𝒢)`). Stated as the conjunction of `ℤ_p`- and `𝒢`-equivariance already established: the `𝒢`-action `σ_a` on `Λ(𝒢) = Λ(ℤ_[p]ˣ)` is the pushforward of measures along `v ↦ a·v` (`PadicMeasure.pushforward p (unitsMulLeftCM p a)`), and `Col (σ_a u) = σ_a (Col u)`.
Combine Proposition 11.1.1 (\Zp-equivariance on \sU_{\infty,1}) with
Proposition 11.1.5 (\GGam-equivariance). The two actions commute and
together generate the \Lam(\GGam)-action, so \Col is \Lam(\GGam)-linear.
Remark. The renormalisation "divide by x" used in constructing \zeta_p
reappears here as \partial^{-1}. The relation
\partial^{-1}\circ\sigma_a=a^{-1}\sigma_a\circ\partial^{-1} shows \partial^{-1}
is exactly what makes \Col \GGam-equivariant. Conceptually \zeta and
\zeta_p are the L-functions of the trivial Galois representation, the
cyclotomic units form an Euler system for the twist \Qp(1), and \partial^{-1}
bridges the two.