Kummer's Criterion and Regular Primes in Lean

2.3. Even and odd characters🔗

Definition2.3.1
uses 1
L∃∀N

A Dirichlet character \chi is even if \chi(-1)=1 and odd if \chi(-1)=-1.

Definition 2.2.1

Lean code for Definition2.3.11 definition
  • defdefined in Mathlib/NumberTheory/DirichletCharacter/Basic.lean
    complete
    def DirichletCharacter.Even.{u_2} {S : Type u_2} [CommRing S] {m : }
      (ψ : DirichletCharacter S m) : Prop
    def DirichletCharacter.Even.{u_2}
      {S : Type u_2} [CommRing S] {m : }
      (ψ : DirichletCharacter S m) : Prop
    A Dirichlet character is even if its value at -1 is 1. 

Exactly half of the characters modulo p are even and exactly half are odd. The even characters are precisely those that factor through the quotient (\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})^\times / \{\pm 1\}, which is the Galois group of the maximal real subfield \mathbb{Q}(\zeta_p)^+. This parity distinction is the source of the even/odd decomposition in the analytic class number formula.

Finally, because p is prime, every non-trivial Dirichlet character modulo p is primitive. Hence the functional equation for primitive Dirichlet L-functions applies to every odd character that appears later.