Adic Spaces — Lean blueprint

4. The valuation spectrum and continuous valuations🔗

Definition4.1
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Definition 4.2
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The valuation spectrum \mathrm{Spv}(A) of a commutative ring A is the set of equivalence classes of valuations on A, presented as valuative relations. Its topology is generated by the basic open sets \mathrm{Spv}(A)\!\left(\tfrac{f}{s}\right) = \{\, v : v(f) \le v(s) \ne 0 \,\}, and the support v \mapsto \{a : v(a) = 0\} is a prime ideal. In Adic-Spaces: \texttt{ValuationSpectrum}, \texttt{basicOpen}, \texttt{supp}. Following Wedhorn Definition 4.1.

Lean code for Definition4.13 definitions
  • structure(extends 1, 8 fields)defined in «Adic spaces»/ValuationSpectrum.lean
    complete
    structure ValuationSpectrum.{u_1} (A : Type u_1) [CommRing A] : Type u_1
    structure ValuationSpectrum.{u_1} (A : Type u_1)
      [CommRing A] : Type u_1
    The *valuation spectrum* `Spv A` of a commutative ring `A` (Definition 4.1 of Wedhorn). 
    • ValuativeRel A
    vle : A  A  Prop
    Inherited from
    1. ValuativeRel
    vle_total :  (x y : A), x ≤ᵥ y  y ≤ᵥ x
    Inherited from
    1. ValuativeRel
    vle_trans :  {z y x : A}, x ≤ᵥ y  y ≤ᵥ z  x ≤ᵥ z
    Inherited from
    1. ValuativeRel
    vle_add :  {x y z : A}, x ≤ᵥ z  y ≤ᵥ z  x + y ≤ᵥ z
    Inherited from
    1. ValuativeRel
    mul_vle_mul_left :  {x y : A}, x ≤ᵥ y   (z : A), x * z ≤ᵥ y * z
    Inherited from
    1. ValuativeRel
    vle_mul_cancel :  {x y z : A}, ¬z ≤ᵥ 0  x * z ≤ᵥ y * z  x ≤ᵥ y
    Inherited from
    1. ValuativeRel
    not_vle_one_zero : ¬1 ≤ᵥ 0
    Inherited from
    1. ValuativeRel
    vle_mul_comm :  {x y : A}, x * y ≤ᵥ y * x
    Inherited from
    1. ValuativeRel
  • defdefined in «Adic spaces»/ValuationSpectrum.lean
    complete
    def ValuationSpectrum.basicOpen.{u_1} {A : Type u_1} [CommRing A]
      (f s : A) : Set (Spv A)
    def ValuationSpectrum.basicOpen.{u_1}
      {A : Type u_1} [CommRing A] (f s : A) :
      Set (Spv A)
    The basic open subset `Spv(A)(f/s) = { v ∈ Spv A | v(f) ≤ v(s) ∧ v(s) ≠ 0 }`. 
  • defdefined in «Adic spaces»/ValuationSpectrum.lean
    complete
    def ValuationSpectrum.supp.{u_1} {A : Type u_1} [CommRing A] (v : Spv A) :
      Ideal A
    def ValuationSpectrum.supp.{u_1}
      {A : Type u_1} [CommRing A]
      (v : Spv A) : Ideal A
    The support prime ideal `{ a ∈ A | v(a) = 0 }` of a point `v ∈ Spv A`. 
Definition4.2
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Theorem 4.8
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A ring homomorphism \varphi : A \to B induces a continuous map \mathrm{Spv}(\varphi) : \mathrm{Spv}(B) \to \mathrm{Spv}(A) by pulling back valuations (Definition 4.1). In Adic-Spaces: \texttt{ValuationSpectrum.comap}. Following Wedhorn Remark 4.3.

Lean code for Definition4.21 definition
  • defdefined in «Adic spaces»/ValuationSpectrum.lean
    complete
    def ValuationSpectrum.comap.{u_2, u_3} {A : Type u_2} {B : Type u_3}
      [CommRing A] [CommRing B] (φ : A →+* B) (v : Spv B) : Spv A
    def ValuationSpectrum.comap.{u_2, u_3}
      {A : Type u_2} {B : Type u_3}
      [CommRing A] [CommRing B] (φ : A →+* B)
      (v : Spv B) : Spv A
    Contravariant map `Spv B → Spv A` induced by `φ : A →+* B` (Remark 4.3 of Wedhorn). 
Theorem4.3
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The support map \mathrm{supp} : \mathrm{Spv}(A) \to \mathrm{Spec}(A), v \mapsto \{a : v(a)=0\}, is continuous (Definition 4.1). In Adic-Spaces: \texttt{suppFun}, \texttt{suppFun\_continuous}. Following Wedhorn Definition 4.1ff.

Lean code for Theorem4.32 declarations
  • defdefined in «Adic spaces»/ValuationSpectrum.lean
    complete
    def ValuationSpectrum.suppFun.{u_1} {A : Type u_1} [CommRing A] :
      Spv A  PrimeSpectrum A
    def ValuationSpectrum.suppFun.{u_1}
      {A : Type u_1} [CommRing A] :
      Spv A  PrimeSpectrum A
    The support map `Spv A → Spec A` (Remark 4.6 of Wedhorn). 
  • theoremdefined in «Adic spaces»/ValuationSpectrum.lean
    complete
    theorem ValuationSpectrum.suppFun_continuous.{u_1} {A : Type u_1} [CommRing A] :
      Continuous ValuationSpectrum.suppFun
    theorem ValuationSpectrum.suppFun_continuous.{u_1}
      {A : Type u_1} [CommRing A] :
      Continuous ValuationSpectrum.suppFun
    `suppFun` is continuous (Remark 4.6 of Wedhorn). 
Proof for Theorem 4.3
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The preimage of a basic open D(f) \subseteq \mathrm{Spec}(A) under \mathrm{supp} is \{v : v(f) \ne 0\}, which equals the basic open \mathrm{Spv}(A)(f/f) = \{v : v(f) \le v(f) \ne 0\} of the valuation spectrum. A map whose preimages of subbasic opens are open is continuous. Following Wedhorn Definition 4.1ff.

Theorem4.4
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The valuation spectrum \mathrm{Spv}(A) is quasi-compact (Definition 4.1): it embeds into the product space \prod_{(f,s)} \{0,1\} of "characteristic functions" of the basic relations v(f) \le v(s) \ne 0 as a closed subset, and a closed subset of a compact product is compact. Following Wedhorn Theorem 4.9.

Lean code for Theorem4.42 theorems
  • theoremdefined in «Adic spaces»/ValuationSpectrumCompact.lean
    complete
    theorem ValuationSpectrum.ιSpv_isEmbedding.{u_1} {A : Type u_1} [CommRing A] :
      Topology.IsEmbedding ValuationSpectrum.ιSpv
    theorem ValuationSpectrum.ιSpv_isEmbedding.{u_1}
      {A : Type u_1} [CommRing A] :
      Topology.IsEmbedding
        ValuationSpectrum.ιSpv
    **Huber embedding — Phase 1 main result.** The map `ιSpv : Spv A → (A × A → Prop)`
    is a topological embedding (injective + induced topology agrees).
    
    This is the content of the topological half of Wedhorn's Theorem 4.9 / Huber 1993, Lemma
    2.1. The compactness conclusion additionally requires closedness of the image, which is
    deferred to Phase 2. 
  • theoremdefined in «Adic spaces»/ValuationSpectrumCompact.lean
    complete
    theorem ValuationSpectrum.compactSpace_of_subbasic_subcover.{u_1} {A : Type u_1}
      [CommRing A]
      (h :
         P  {U | ValuationSpectrum.IsSubbasicOpen U},
          ⋃₀ P = Set.univ   Q  P, Q.Finite  ⋃₀ Q = Set.univ) :
      CompactSpace (Spv A)
    theorem ValuationSpectrum.compactSpace_of_subbasic_subcover.{u_1}
      {A : Type u_1} [CommRing A]
      (h :
        
          P 
            {U |
              ValuationSpectrum.IsSubbasicOpen
                U},
          ⋃₀ P = Set.univ 
             Q  P,
              Q.Finite  ⋃₀ Q = Set.univ) :
      CompactSpace (Spv A)
    **Alexander sub-basis theorem, applied to `Spv A`.** If every cover of `Spv A`
    by sub-basic opens (basic opens `basicOpen f s`) admits a finite subcover, then
    `Spv A` is compact.
    
    This is the direct content of Wedhorn Theorem 4.9 / Huber, *Continuous valuations*
    (1993), reformulated purely as a statement about covers of the underlying type by
    basic opens. 
Proof for Theorem 4.4
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Map each v to the predicate (f,s) \mapsto (v(f) \le v(s) \wedge v(s) \ne 0) in (A \times A \to \mathrm{Prop}). This is injective and a topological embedding (\texttt{ιSpv\_isEmbedding}), and its image is cut out by the closed valuation-axiom conditions, hence closed in the compact Tychonoff product. Compactness then reduces to a subbasic subcover statement (\texttt{compactSpace\_of\_subbasic\_subcover}), giving quasi-compactness of \mathrm{Spv}(A). Following Wedhorn Theorem 4.9.

Definition4.5
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Theorem 4.6
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A valuation v on a topological ring A is continuous if for every \gamma the set \{\, a : v(a) < \gamma \,\} is open (Definition 4.1). The continuous points form the subspace \mathrm{Cont}(A) \subseteq \mathrm{Spv}(A) (\texttt{Cont}). Following Wedhorn Definition 7.7.

Lean code for Definition4.52 definitions
  • defdefined in «Adic spaces»/ContinuousValuations.lean
    complete
    def Valuation.IsContinuous.{u_1, u_2} {A : Type u_1} [CommRing A]
      {Γ₀ : Type u_2} [LinearOrderedCommGroupWithZero Γ₀]
      [TopologicalSpace A] (v : Valuation A Γ₀) : Prop
    def Valuation.IsContinuous.{u_1, u_2}
      {A : Type u_1} [CommRing A]
      {Γ₀ : Type u_2}
      [LinearOrderedCommGroupWithZero Γ₀]
      [TopologicalSpace A]
      (v : Valuation A Γ₀) : Prop
    A valuation `v` on a topological ring `A` is *continuous* if `{ a | v(a) < γ }` is open
    for all `γ` (Definition 7.7 of Wedhorn). 
  • defdefined in «Adic spaces»/ContinuousValuations.lean
    complete
    def ValuationSpectrum.Cont.{u_2} (A : Type u_2) [CommRing A]
      [TopologicalSpace A] : Set (Spv A)
    def ValuationSpectrum.Cont.{u_2}
      (A : Type u_2) [CommRing A]
      [TopologicalSpace A] : Set (Spv A)
    The set `Cont(A)` of continuous valuations in `Spv(A)` (Definition 7.7 of Wedhorn). 
Theorem4.6
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Definition 1.1
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Continuity of a valuation v on a Huber ring can be detected after restricting its value group to a convex subgroup (Definition 4.7): if the restriction \texttt{restrictToConvex} of v is continuous, then so is v (Definition 4.5, Definition 1.1). In Adic-Spaces: \texttt{isContinuous\_of\_restriction\_isContinuous}. Following Wedhorn Lemma 7.44.

Lean code for Theorem4.62 declarations
  • defdefined in «Adic spaces»/ValuationContinuity.lean
    complete
    def Valuation.restrictToConvex.{u_1, u_2} {R : Type u_1} [CommRing R]
      {Γ₀ : Type u_2} [LinearOrderedCommGroupWithZero Γ₀]
      (v : Valuation R Γ₀) (H : ConvexSubgroup Γ₀ˣ)
      (hle :  (r : R), v r  1) : Valuation R (WithZero H.toSubgroup)
    def Valuation.restrictToConvex.{u_1, u_2}
      {R : Type u_1} [CommRing R]
      {Γ₀ : Type u_2}
      [LinearOrderedCommGroupWithZero Γ₀]
      (v : Valuation R Γ₀)
      (H : ConvexSubgroup Γ₀ˣ)
      (hle :  (r : R), v r  1) :
      Valuation R (WithZero H.toSubgroup)
    **Restriction of a valuation to a convex subgroup** (Wedhorn 7.1.2).
    The restricted valuation keeps values whose unit part is in `H` and zeros out the rest.
    Requires `∀ r, v r ≤ 1` for multiplicativity. 
  • theoremdefined in «Adic spaces»/Lemma745.lean
    complete
    theorem PairOfDefinition.isContinuous_of_restriction_isContinuous.{u_1, u_2}
      {A : Type u_1} [CommRing A] [TopologicalSpace A] [IsTopologicalRing A]
      (P : PairOfDefinition A) {Γ₀ : Type u_2}
      [LinearOrderedCommGroupWithZero Γ₀] (v : Valuation A Γ₀)
      (h_res :
         (γ : Γ₀),
          IsOpen (P.A₀.subtype '' {a | v (P.A₀.subtype a) < γ})) :
      v.IsContinuous
    theorem PairOfDefinition.isContinuous_of_restriction_isContinuous.{u_1,
        u_2}
      {A : Type u_1} [CommRing A]
      [TopologicalSpace A]
      [IsTopologicalRing A]
      (P : PairOfDefinition A) {Γ₀ : Type u_2}
      [LinearOrderedCommGroupWithZero Γ₀]
      (v : Valuation A Γ₀)
      (h_res :
         (γ : Γ₀),
          IsOpen
            (P.A₀.subtype ''
              {a | v (P.A₀.subtype a) < γ})) :
      v.IsContinuous
    **Continuity transfer from open subring.** If `v` is a valuation on `A`,
    `A₀` is an open subring, and `v|_{A₀}` (the restriction) is continuous
    (in the subspace topology on `A₀`), then `v` is continuous on `A`.
    
    This is Wedhorn's Lemma 7.44(2). The proof uses: for any `γ`, the set
    `{a ∈ A | v(a) < γ}` is an additive subgroup containing the open set
    `A₀.subtype '' {a ∈ A₀ | v(a) < γ}`, hence is open. 
Proof for Theorem 4.6
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Continuity is the requirement that each \{a : v(a) < \gamma\} be open. Restricting to the convex subgroup generated by the relevant threshold collapses values outside it while preserving the comparison v(a) < \gamma for \gamma in the subgroup, so the restricted valuation's continuity sets are precisely the original ones (cofinally). A pair of definition (A_0, I) provides the open sets I^n witnessing these, and transporting continuity of the restriction along this filtration recovers continuity of v. Following Wedhorn Lemma 7.44.

Lean code for Definition4.71 definition
Theorem4.8
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Definition 4.2
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If \varphi : R \to S has dense image and v, w are two continuous valuations on S whose pullbacks to R agree, then v and w are equivalent (Definition 4.5, Definition 4.2): a continuous valuation is determined by its restriction along a dense subring. In Adic-Spaces: \texttt{isEquiv\_of\_isContinuous\_of\_denseRange} and \texttt{eq\_of\_isContinuous\_of\_comap\_eq\_of\_denseRange}. Following Wedhorn Proposition 7.48.

Lean code for Theorem4.82 theorems
  • theoremdefined in «Adic spaces»/ContinuousValuations.lean
    complete
    theorem Valuation.isEquiv_of_isContinuous_of_denseRange.{u_1, u_2, u_3, u_4}
      {S : Type u_1} [CommRing S] [TopologicalSpace S] [IsTopologicalRing S]
      {R : Type u_2} [CommRing R] {Γv : Type u_3} {Γw : Type u_4}
      [LinearOrderedCommGroupWithZero Γv]
      [LinearOrderedCommGroupWithZero Γw] {φ : R →+* S}
      (hdense : DenseRange φ) {v : Valuation S Γv} {w : Valuation S Γw}
      (hv : v.IsContinuous) (hw : w.IsContinuous)
      (h :  (a b : R), v (φ a)  v (φ b)  w (φ a)  w (φ b)) : v.IsEquiv w
    theorem Valuation.isEquiv_of_isContinuous_of_denseRange.{u_1,
        u_2, u_3, u_4}
      {S : Type u_1} [CommRing S]
      [TopologicalSpace S]
      [IsTopologicalRing S] {R : Type u_2}
      [CommRing R] {Γv : Type u_3}
      {Γw : Type u_4}
      [LinearOrderedCommGroupWithZero Γv]
      [LinearOrderedCommGroupWithZero Γw]
      {φ : R →+* S} (hdense : DenseRange φ)
      {v : Valuation S Γv}
      {w : Valuation S Γw}
      (hv : v.IsContinuous)
      (hw : w.IsContinuous)
      (h :
         (a b : R),
          v (φ a)  v (φ b) 
            w (φ a)  w (φ b)) :
      v.IsEquiv w
    **Continuous valuations are determined by a dense subring** (the injectivity content of
    Wedhorn Proposition 7.48 = Huber [Hu2] Prop. 3.9). If `φ : R →+* S` has dense image and two
    continuous valuations `v`, `w` on `S` induce the same preorder on `φ(R)`, then `v` and `w`
    are equivalent. 
  • theoremdefined in «Adic spaces»/ContinuousValuations.lean
    complete
    theorem ValuationSpectrum.eq_of_isContinuous_of_comap_eq_of_denseRange.{u_1,
        u_2}
      {R : Type u_1} {S : Type u_2} [CommRing R] [CommRing S]
      [TopologicalSpace S] [IsTopologicalRing S] {φ : R →+* S}
      (hdense : DenseRange φ) {v w : Spv S} (hv : v.IsContinuous)
      (hw : w.IsContinuous)
      (h : ValuationSpectrum.comap φ v = ValuationSpectrum.comap φ w) :
      v = w
    theorem ValuationSpectrum.eq_of_isContinuous_of_comap_eq_of_denseRange.{u_1,
        u_2}
      {R : Type u_1} {S : Type u_2}
      [CommRing R] [CommRing S]
      [TopologicalSpace S]
      [IsTopologicalRing S] {φ : R →+* S}
      (hdense : DenseRange φ) {v w : Spv S}
      (hv : v.IsContinuous)
      (hw : w.IsContinuous)
      (h :
        ValuationSpectrum.comap φ v =
          ValuationSpectrum.comap φ w) :
      v = w
    **The point of `Spv S` is determined by a dense subring** (the injectivity content of
    Wedhorn Proposition 7.48 = Huber [Hu2] Prop. 3.9). If `φ : R →+* S` has dense image and two
    continuous points `v, w ∈ Spv S` have the same pullback `comap φ v = comap φ w`, then `v = w`.
    This is the elementary uniqueness half of the Spa–completion comparison; it is the keystone
    the completion Spa-injectivity (`comap_coeRingHom_injOn_spa`) reduces to. 
Proof for Theorem 4.8
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For s \in S choose r_i \to s from the dense image. Continuity of v and w means v(s), w(s) are governed by the values on the approximating r_i, where v and w already agree by hypothesis. The comparison v(s) \le v(s') is then forced to match w(s) \le w(s') by passing to the limit using openness of the sublevel sets, so v and w induce the same valuative relation, i.e. are equivalent. Following Wedhorn Proposition 7.48.

Definition4.9
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For an ideal I, the subspace \mathrm{Spv}(A, I) \subseteq \mathrm{Spv}(A) is characterised disjunctively (\texttt{IsInSpvAI}): either every a \in I has v(a) cofinal (every positive \gamma exceeds some power v(a)^n, \texttt{CofinalValue}) or the value group is microbial. This is Wedhorn's combinatorial handle on continuity used in the Tate-ring compactness route (Definition 4.5). Following Wedhorn Lemma 7.4.

Lean code for Definition4.92 definitions
  • defdefined in «Adic spaces»/SpvAI.lean
    complete
    def ValuationSpectrum.Spv.IsInSpvAI.{u_1} {A : Type u_1} [CommRing A]
      (v : Spv A) (I : Ideal A) : Prop
    def ValuationSpectrum.Spv.IsInSpvAI.{u_1}
      {A : Type u_1} [CommRing A] (v : Spv A)
      (I : Ideal A) : Prop
    **`v ∈ Spv(A, I)` (Wedhorn 7.4 disjunction).** For `v : Spv A` and
    `I : Ideal A`, `v` is *in `Spv(A, I)`* if either
    - every `a ∈ I` has `v(a)` cofinal in `Γ_v`, or
    - `v` is **microbial** (`Γ_v = c Γ_v` in Wedhorn 4.13 notation): every
      positive value of `v` is bounded by some `(v t)^±1` with `v t ≥ 1`.
    
    This is the disjunctive characterisation per Wedhorn Lemma 7.4(ii). 
  • defdefined in «Adic spaces»/SpvAI.lean
    complete
    def Valuation.CofinalValue.{u_1, u_2} {A : Type u_1} [CommRing A]
      {Γ₀ : Type u_2} [LinearOrderedCommGroupWithZero Γ₀]
      (v : Valuation A Γ₀) (a : A) : Prop
    def Valuation.CofinalValue.{u_1, u_2}
      {A : Type u_1} [CommRing A]
      {Γ₀ : Type u_2}
      [LinearOrderedCommGroupWithZero Γ₀]
      (v : Valuation A Γ₀) (a : A) : Prop
    **Cofinality of `v(a)` in `Γ_v` (algebraic form, Wedhorn 7.4 prep).**
    A value `v(a)` is *cofinal* if for every `γ : Γ₀` with `γ > 0`, some
    power `v(a)^n` is strictly less than `γ`.
    
    This is the algebraic predicate that Wedhorn 7.10's reverse direction
    uses: combined with `v(a) < 1` it gives continuity of `v` (in the
    `f`-adic / Tate setting).